Guard against common skin disease in the elderly in winter

Gradually into the winter, the skin problems come one after another, for the elderly poor physical condition, the skin is more likely after another, for the elderly, which specific climate-related skin diseases and cold more easily get into the body it? specific situation, what effective measures can be taken to prevent it? Let's take a closer look.
First, winter skin pruritus: skin occurs every winter itch.
Etiology: 1) winter cold, low temperature and less rainfall, the northern winter heating adds to air dry.
2) With the changes in body temperature decreased defense function, skin and subcutaneous small blood vessels, sebaceous glands and sweat gland secretion and excretion can be reduced, especially in declining health in the elderly all have dry skin, dry, and place cracks, exposed nerve endings, so skin peripheral nerve is stimulated, people feel itchy.
3) protection, care and improper, incorrect detergent bath method and not due to
Clinical features: the annual autumn began, the weather was cold, little rainfall, air drying, making the already shrinking old skin, reduce sebum, sweat reduction, skin moisture content decreased, the skin is more dry skin and even small cracks will appear If by the cold air, clothing fibers, dust, microorganisms and other stimuli itching occurs. Itching often occurs the evening, when the strip or to sleep, occurs in the limbs, but for the many and heavy legs. Often at the scratch to relieve itching, and is the fastest, most convenient and effective method of itching. But the result is a temporary stop itching, but the skin damage caused to take a few days to recover. Repeated scratching the skin secondary changes occur, so that itching increased, but also more difficult to treat.
Prevention: 1. To avoid dry skin, a bath should not be too often, water temperature not too high, not to make bath soap or shower gel or less, to avoid loss of sebum. After washing to wipe some antipruritic compound glycerin, vitamin E cream, silicone cream, Vaseline or other soothing ointment, moisturizer, protecting the skin.
2. To avoid the sweep pull, scratch the skin thickened, moss based, bleeding, crusting, causing secondary infection, can aggravate the disease and prolong healing time.
3. Winter should be wearing tight, smooth cotton, silk underwear, to reduce skin water loss and skin irritation. Wear synthetic underwear, easy to produce static electricity, causing itching.
4. At night to avoid drinking coffee, tea and spicy food. So as not to aggravate itching nervous excitement.
5. Room temperature is not too high ,18-24 degrees is appropriate, and to increase the indoor humidity at 40-80%.
Treatment: In severe cases of itching is not for external use moisturizing milk emulsion, glycerol water (1 part glycerol plus 2 parts water) and so on. Heavier on the itching, the choice of a strong emollient cream of silicon, compound camphor cream, very ointment, there are of secondary moss, eczema of, could slip topical oil with black beans, rice bran oil slipped, corticosteroid cream or ointment. Kang Pan-bath or full body can be starch bath. Of sleep can add services sedative antihistamines or sleeping pills.
Second, the hand, foot and chapped: refers to the hand, foot skin due to various reasons the skin dry and linear crack of a disease.
Cause disease: the occurrence of this disease stratum corneum thickening, drying, external stimulation, and local activities. Hand, Foot and palm skin sebaceous glands, thicker cuticle, and in the repeated occurrence of the activities of protective thickening does not occur under normal circumstances, chapped. But in winter, dry and cold climate, reduce the secretion of sweat glands and lack of sebum, moisture, coupled with a variety of physical, chemical and biological factors in the stimulation and friction, so that thickening of palmoplantar skin, dry, brittle, loss of elasticity, when the local activity or traction force is large, you can pull off the skin chapped generated, causing pain. In addition, certain skin conditions such as ichthyosis, hand, foot and ringworm, eczema and dermatitis, frostbite and other pathological conditions may occur in the chapped.
Clinical features: The disease is a common skin disease, more common in the elderly and women. Hand-foot skin has often been due to mechanical or chemical stimulation of substance, in addition to the winter weather is cold, reduce the secretion of subcutaneous sweat glands, dry skin, skin thickening and skin protection, if the water evaporates, the stratum corneum shrinkage, loss of flexibility, so when the foot movement prone to chapped.
Degree of difficulty according to chapped, and can be divided into three degrees:
Was: dry skin, a small crack, but only up to the epidermis, hence there is no bleeding, pain and other symptoms.
Second: dry skin, hyperkeratosis thickened, deeply cleft by the epidermis and dermis with mild irritation, but does not cause bleeding.
Three: dry skin, keratosis hypertrophy, chapped deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue from the epidermis, often cause bleeding and tenderness or burning.
Prevention: pay attention to strengthening self-protection, improve working and living conditions, to avoid contact with acids, alkalis and organic solvents and other irritating substances, anti-excessive mechanical friction. Wash their hands after going to work in a timely manner, dry, put some soothing protective cream, silicone cream, glycerin cream and so on. Repaired the excessive thickening of the skin. Opponents foot with dermatitis, eczema, ringworm, ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratosis and other skin diseases is necessary to actively control and treatment. Note that hand-foot skin of winter moisture, warmth, health Min, hand and foot massage to promote blood circulation. Note that intake of vitamin A, vitamin E and calcium, selenium, zinc and other nutrients in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, seafood, almonds, carrots and so on.
Treatment: The main local external use, in principle, is to remove the excessive thickening of the skin, promote epithelial proliferation, repair cracks. Therefore medication before soaking the affected area with hot water to promote skin softening, if keratosis is too thick, then went with the sliced thick skin. Reapply to the more crack and then the local 1% allantoin cream or cream ,15-20% urea ointment ,3-5% salicylic acid ointment ,0.05-0.1% retinoic acid ointment, compound benzoic acid ointment, clam oil, purple grass oil. If deep cracks can be sealed in the drug-coated dressing or added after the local activities during the day patching, crack cream at rest and then cover governance. Return to normal until the skin texture and then stop treatment.
Third, the frostbite: Frostbite is common in winter, mainly in children, women and the elderly. Cold weather, wet more likely.
Etiology: As the winter weather is cold, poor ability to adapt to the body, exposed by the chilled skin stimulation, over time, small subcutaneous artery spasm contraction. The blood stagnation, poor blood circulation, so that local tissue hypoxia, leading to tissue damage.
Also due to poor blood circulation and lower extremities. And then squeezed, frostbite pale skin, purple, hair hard and edema, warm skin after the event turned from the pale purple, fever, itching, and sometimes ulceration.
Frostbite mechanism is not very clear, the skin may be allergic to cold on blood vessels, also may be related to autonomic dysfunction and have cryoglobulinemia, genetic factors. Regular contact with the person susceptible to the disease cold water. In some coastal areas of North and South, or cold and wet environments of people susceptible to the disease. Moist heat can accelerate the surface, so humidity of the region in winter, a higher incidence of frostbite.
Clinical features: General in the temperature below 5 ℃, relative humidity above 60% more prone to frostbite, the back of the hand and finger extensor side, foot and toe extensor side edge of the lower limbs, cheeks, ear, etc. common. Common local skin cold, appear dark purple or purplish blue stain films, according to the soft. When severe blisters, erosion or rupture to form ulcers. After heated conscious itching, burning sensation and pain. Subjected to prolonged colder, cold pale skin, redness, purpura, burning itching, numbness, skin blisters, ulcers, can scar. These symptoms may last 1-2 months until the weather gets warmer side cured, some patients will be coming winter recurrence of the original site.
Prevention: 1. To actively participate in outdoor sports activities, strengthening exercise in a cold environment, adapt to cold weather, but also can prevent frostbite new hair.
2. Has frostbite in temperatures as low as 5C is not prepared to do cold, cold extremities warm attention. Clothes to wear more, pay attention to gloves, wear a hat. Shoes and socks should be dry and loose.
3. On the annual recurrence, can gradually develop in the summer wash in cold water, wash feet, cold friction, cold bath used to improve tolerance to cold.
4. Food must be adequate fat, protein and vitamins, to ensure that the body has enough calories.
Treatment: the principle is the inflammation, swelling, and promote local blood circulation.
1. Frostbite cure, the key is to get rid of cold work cold, wet and warm environment, keep warm and dry local frostbite, or easy to relapse. Best to maintain the indoor temperature above 15 ℃, relative humidity 50%.
2. Adhere to the affected area with 40 ℃ water bath, 20-30 minutes per day.
3. To choose the appropriate treatment based on skin lesions. Infection of damaged skin topical mupirocin ointment, cream or neomycin sulfate topical nitrofurazone cream. The skin is not broken: Optional 10% camphor spiritus, 10% camphor ointment, turpentine, frostbite cream, safflower oil and other external use.
4. Physical therapy: can the amount of ultraviolet irradiation erythema 2 to 3 times / week, in winter at the beginning of exposure to good effect in the skin lesions. He-Ne laser illumination, 2 to 3 times / week, every 5 ~ 15min. Audio electrotherapy, 1 / d, 10 times for one course each year before the start of treatment certain relapse prevention.